Skin Cancers

Plastic Surgery
Skin Cancers

The skin is the body’s largest organ, making up about 15% of total body weight. Its primary role is to serve as a protective barrier against environmental elements. However, over time, this protective layer can become compromised due to factors like excessive sun exposure, physical trauma, and chemical irritants. When the skin’s genetic defense mechanisms are disrupted, cancer may develop.

What Are the Signs of Skin Cancer?

Warning signs include wounds that fail to heal, persistent bleeding, unusual skin growths, and raised or thickened patches on the skin. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical evaluation.

Types of Skin Cancer

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC):
The most common form of skin cancer, BCC is strongly associated with intense sunburns during childhood and is most frequently seen in fair-skinned individuals. BCC typically does not metastasize (spread to other areas) and is usually treated successfully with surgical removal.

2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC):
The second most common type, SCC has different causes depending on its location. On the upper lip, it is often linked to sun exposure, while on the lower lip, smoking is usually the culprit. SCC can also develop in areas with old scars or burns—particularly those that occurred in childhood—and may take nearly two decades to emerge. Non-healing wounds in these areas should be examined by a plastic surgeon, as SCC can metastasize if left untreated. Early detection and surgical treatment are key.

3. Malignant Melanoma:
Though less common, melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer due to its potential to spread to distant parts of the body. It tends to occur in fair-skinned individuals with significant sun exposure or a genetic predisposition. While it rarely develops from an existing mole, melanoma can resemble one in its early stages. Warning signs include:

  • A mole larger than 6 mm

  • Irregular or uneven borders

  • Asymmetry

  • Bleeding

  • Raised or changing surface

If any of these features are present, a medical consultation is critical. Melanoma is treated surgically and requires long-term follow-up due to its aggressive nature.

Additional Considerations

  • SCC and HPV: In recent years, an increase in mouth and throat SCC cases has been linked to HPV infections. Early childhood vaccination against HPV (which also causes genital warts) is recommended as a preventative measure.

  • Follow-Up: All skin cancers, especially those with metastatic potential like melanoma and SCC, require careful monitoring even after successful treatment.

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